*Coal mining
Launceston, Australia — Thermal coal prices across Asia have surged to multi-year highs amid strong demand and some supply constraints, but some types of the fuel have done better than others.
The headline-grabbing rally has been for high-quality Australian thermal coal. The weekly index for 6,000 kilocalorie per kilogramme (kcal/kg) coal at Newcastle Port, as assessed by commodity price reporting agency Argus, hit $121.40 a tonne in the seven days to June 4.
This was the highest in more than a decade. This grade has now climbed 49% since the end of last year, and 162% from its 2020 low of $46.37 a tonne in September, reached amid the economic fallout from coronavirus lockdowns across Asia.
The driver for the price increase has been strong demand from Japan and South Korea, the main buyers of high-grade Australian thermal coal, amid expectations for a warm northern hemisphere summer that will bring surging power demand for air-conditioning.
It’s worth noting that the Newcastle Index reflects a price for relatively small volumes of coal. The bulk of this grade is bought under short- and medium-term contracts, rather than in the spot market.
Nonetheless, the strong rally will feed through to new contract talks. It’s an indicator that utilities are already seeking cargoes to ensure they don’t experience a squeeze, similar to last winter when colder-than-expected weather led to rising demand for electricity for heating.
While it doesn’t grab as much attention, much of the real volume action for Australian coal is in the 5,500 kcal/kg grade. This is the main type sought by Indian utilities, and was popular with Chinese buyers prior to Beijing’s unofficial ban on imports from Australia, imposed last year as relations between the two countries deteriorated.
This grade has also seen prices rise, with Argus assessing 5,500 kcal/kg coal at $70.10 a tonne at Newcastle on June 4 – about double last September’s $35.04.
While a 100% gain looks impressive, it does mean that the lower-grade coal has significantly lagged the rally for its high-grade counterpart.
That reflects the re-adjustment of coal flows across Asia as part of the China-Australia dispute: Australian exporters have had to shift from China to other buyers, most notably India but also smaller importers like Vietnam and Bangladesh, and offer competitive prices to displace other suppliers, such as Indonesia and Russia.
India’s seaborne imports of all coal types combined slipped somewhat in May, dropping to 17.62 million tonnes from April 18.68 million, according to Refinitiv vessel-tracking and port data.
But the breakdown of the data shows that imports from Australia rose to 6.43 million tonnes – the second-highest since Refinitiv started assessments in January 2015, beaten only by the 6.80 million in January this year.
Imports from Indonesia dropped to 5.52 million tonnes in May, down from 6.3 million in April, and well below levels around 8 to 10 million tonnes per month that prevailed prior to the Chinese ban on Australian coal.
